Information retrieval (IR) is the process of obtaining information system resources that are relevant to an information need from a collection of those resources. Searches can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images or sounds.
Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals and other documents; stores and manages those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
Residential schools were government-sponsored religious schools established to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture. Although the first residential facilities were established in New France, the term usually refers to the custodial schools established after 1880. Originally conceived by Christian churches and the Canadian government as an attempt to both educate and convert Indigenous youth and to integrate them into Canadian society, residential schools disrupted lives and communities, causing long-term problems among Indigenous peoples. Since the last residential school closed in 1996, former students have pressed for recognition and restitution, resulting in the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement in 2007 and a formal public apology by Prime Minister Stephen Harper in 2008. In total, an estimated 150,000 First Nation, Inuit, and Métis children attended residential schools.
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A lamentable period in Canadian history. However, the numbers should not be taken out of context (though they undoubtedly will be):
"From about 1863 to 1998, more than 150,000 indigenous children were taken from their families and placed in [residential] schools."
"The Kamloops Indian Residential School in British Columbia was the largest in the residential system. Opened under Roman Catholic administration in 1890, the school had as many as 500 students when enrolment peaked in the 1950s. [It] closed in 1978 [88 years of operation]."
"A mass grave containing the remains of 215 children has been found ... at the former residential school."
Statistical reality = 215/88 = an average of 2.4 deaths per annum.
Prior to vaccination for children, the numbers of children succumbing to infection each year were probably higher across the entire population. So, sad though the death of any child is, this was not genocide.
Cultural genocide? Without doubt the experience of being torn from one's parents would be traumatic -- ask any British child sent off to a public boarding school -- and conditions were undoubtedly worse than at British public boarding schools. The prevalence of mental health issues on native reservations supports claims of emotional trauma within the residential school system, and highlights the necessity of providing social supports. Culturally, though, the fact that today's First Nations adults continue to practice their native traditions suggests that indigenous children learnt to be bilingual and bicultural, rather than losing all connection to their indigenous heritage.
A new study on the January 6 Capitol insurrection finds that of the nearly 400 rioters arrested or charged, 93% are white and 86% are male. [Mostly xenophobic, employed, middle-aged tRUMPsuckers from counties where Biden won = paranoid fear of "the Great Replacement". 45% are CEOs, business owners, doctors, lawyers, accountants, mid-level managers, a state department official. 7% are unemployed. Only 3% (leading from the front and coordinating) belong to notorious ultra-wrong militias, several are ex-military.] Michel Martin speaks to the study’s principal investigator, Professor Robert Pape, to discuss these findings and some surprising revelations about the attackers and their motives.
Every ten years, there’s a census. That decennial count is long and tedious and arduous…and important. Because it confirms who lives where so the Federal Government properly allocates resources, so services go to the places that need them most and - yes - so states gain or lose seats in congress and have the opportunity to redraw all their state and Congressional lines.
That means, every 10 years, states start what has famously been one of the most partisan and divisive processes in politics. Because one strategic line can mean the difference in party control in not just the state legislatures but also in congress.